• Recently anti tumor or antiviral strategies using RNAi for

  2022-02-01

  

  Recently, anti-tumor or antiviral strategies using RNAi for both gene silencing and innate-receptor activation were designed; one mechanism of these strategies is activating the intracellular retinoic acid–inducible gene I protein (RIG-I). 5′-Triphosphate RNA (3p-small interfering RNA [siRNA]) is th

• piece Mortality from breast cancer is almost always attribut

  2022-02-01

  

  Mortality from breast cancer is almost always attributed to metastatic spread of the disease to other organs, thus precluding resection as a treatment method. Unfortunately, conventional chemotherapy fails to eradicate most human cancers, including aggressive breast cancers. Studies over the past de

• Compounds and were tested for pharmacodynamic effects in a

  2022-02-01

  

  Compounds , and were tested for pharmacodynamic effects in a mouse oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) in wild-type and GPR120 deficient mice, and each compound demonstrated GPR120 mechanism-based effects. Data for compound is shown in , indicating mechanism-based reduction in glucose excursion at bo

• br Clinical development of anti NASH drug therapies The

  2022-02-01

  

  Clinical development of anti-NASH drug therapies The current understanding of NASH pathogenesis has led to broad efforts to target several features of the disease, alone or in combination, even in the absence of liver-guided therapies. Therefore, drug development in NASH is a rapidly changing fie

• Restless running behavior was first described in mice

  2022-02-01

  

  ‘Restless running behavior’ was first described in mice after administration of 30mg/kg i.p. ALX-5407 and was thought to be due to an augmentation of NMDA-induced dopamine activity [27]. The motor impairments caused by ALX-5407 were confirmed by Perry et al. [10] and extended to another sarcosine-de

• The following are the supplementary data related

  2022-02-01

  

  The following are the supplementary data related to this article. Author contribution Conflict of interest Introduction Thrombosis (arterial and venous) is a major cause of vascular obstructive diseases including myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction and pulmonary embolism. Glycoprote

• br Cell origin The ontogeny of

  2022-02-01

  

  Cell origin The ontogeny of astrocytes in vitro has been investigated in detail; Raff et al. (1983) characterised two types of astrocytes: type 1 being fibroblast-like in morphology and poorly labelled with a monoclonal antibody (AB25), whereas type 2 exhibited oligodendrocyte or neuron-like morp

• br Investigations br Genetics GLUT is a membrane

  2022-02-01

  

  Investigations Genetics GLUT1 is a membrane-bound glycoprotein that provides base-rate glucose transport across blood-tissue barriers. It is constituitively expressed in erythrocytes, PH-797804 receptor microvessels and astroglia. The gene exclusively associated with GLUT1 is SLC2A1, located

• GLP and glucose dependent insulinotropic peptide GIP are

  2022-01-31

  

  GLP-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) are gut hormones secreted from intestinal L vlx 600 sale and K cells, respectively. Together, these hormones account for the vast majority of the incretin effect, the enhanced postprandial insulin secretion observed in healthy adults (Dupre et

• Bile acids BAs are critical

  2022-01-31

  

  Bile acids (BAs) are critical for facilitating the Batimastat of dietary lipids and lipid-soluble vitamins in the intestines [6], [7]. At physiological levels, BAs function as signaling molecules and activate specific nuclear receptors [farnesoid X receptor (FXR), pregnane X receptor, and vitamin D

• However despite medicinal chemistry efforts lead to consider

  2022-01-31

  

  However, despite medicinal chemistry efforts lead to considerable improvement in potency and selectivity of new HO-1 inhibitors, still have not identified inhibitors in the low nanomolar range. Therefore, due to the possible in vivo non-specific effects at high dosage, novel strategies should be dev

• G protein coupled receptor kinases GRKs are another group of

  2022-01-30

  

  G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) are another group of kinases whose limited substrate repertoire is associated with an extensive binding interface. GRKs phosphorylate activated G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) at multiple sites, promoting binding of arrestin proteins to mediate receptor

• We observed that the Toc

  2022-01-30

  

  We observed that the Toc159G domain recognizes the N-terminal portion of the transit peptide of pSSU with a dissociation constant of 70 μM (Fig. 2; Table 1), while a tenfold higher KD was obtained for the phosphorylated C-terminal region. In turn, the homodimer of Toc34G recognizes the phosphorylate

• Here we demonstrate an anti inflammatory and anticancer

  2022-01-30

  

  Here we demonstrate an anti-inflammatory and anticancer function for Gpr109a in colon. Gpr109a signaling imposed anti-inflammatory properties in colonic antigen-presenting cells, which in turn induced differentiation of Treg Octreotide acetate and IL-10-producing T cells. Gpr109a was also required f

• ATP as a transmitter can be released

  2022-01-30

  

  ATP as a transmitter can be released from injured 12198 sale and sensory nerve endings (Sperlágh et al., 1995, Sperlágh et al., 1997, Sperlágh et al., 1998, Burnstock, 2013, Burnstock, 2014). ATP can activate the P2X3 receptor in the DRG neurons (Gao et al., 2011a; Xu et al., 2012). In DRG neurons c

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