• Several studies have shown that independently of body

  2020-11-14

  

  Several studies have shown that, independently of body-weight control, the central actions of leptin improve glycemic control in obese diabetic rat and mouse models [62]. For instance, restoration of OB-Rb expression in OB-Rb-deficient mice, and in particular in POMC neurons, was sufficient to norma

• In normal chow fed mice EP deficiency

  2020-11-14

  

  In normal chow fed mice, EP4 deficiency also decreased the expression of CYP8B1, the downstream target of CYP7A1. Similarly, knockdown of EP4 with small interfering RNA reduced the expression of CYP8B1 in HepG2 cells. Therefore, it was anticipated that there would be an increased expression of CYP8B

• br Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis RA is

  2020-11-14

  

  Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disease that can be divided in at least two subsets based on the presence of antibodies to citrullinated proteins (ACPAs) [1]. Importantly, such ACPA target proteins [[2], [3], [4], [5]] also represent candidate autoantige

• br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgements

  2020-11-13

  

  Conflict of interest Acknowledgements We wish to thank Arantza Pérez (University of the Basque Country) for her technical contribution to this study. This work was supported by grants from the Jesús Gangoiti-Barrera Foundation, Gobierno Vasco (GIC07/84), MEC () and SAIOTEK (SA-2008/00046).

• br Molecular characterization of LEI L DNase II LEI like

  2020-11-13

  

  Molecular characterization of LEI/L-DNase II LEI, like most serpins, is a metastable protein and its anti-protease activity is related to its “stressed to relaxed transition”. So that, the inhibition of elastase by the well described suicide mechanism generates the cleaved form of LEI (see Padron

• There are two types of DDRs DDR and DDR which

  2020-11-13

  

  There are two types of DDRs, DDR1 and DDR2, which are type I transmembrane RTKs characterized by an N-terminal extracellular discoidin domain containing a collagen binding site [8]. DDR1 expression is somewhat restricted to epithelial cells, while DDR2 is often expressed in cells of mesenchymal orig

• Even more unambiguous was the relative contribution of Gq si

  2020-11-13

  

  Even more unambiguous was the relative contribution of Gq/11 signaling in AngII-mediated transactivation as measured by the ERK1/2 and the BRET-based readout. Although Gq/11 was absolutely required for ERK1/2 phosphorylation following AngII-stimulation, in contrast, we observed a sustained EGFR-Grb2

• A number of factors have been shown to remove blocking

  2020-11-13

  

  A number of factors have been shown to remove blocking end groups in order to make the termini of DSBs ligatable. A common non-ligatable end is one that contains either a 3′ phosphate or 5′ hydroxyl. The polynucleotide kinase/phosphatase (PNKP) is the NHEJ processing enzyme responsible for removing

• While apparent that His Artemis fractionated over

  2020-11-13

  

  While apparent that [His]6-Artemis fractionated over a HAP column is devoid of 5′–3′ exonuclease activity but still retains DNA-PK dependent hairpin-opening activity, we sought to further assess DNA-PK dependent Artemis overhang cleavage activity to ensure all the in vivo, intrinsic enzymatic activi

• br DGKs bind and regulate other signalling proteins Based

  2020-11-13

  

  DGKs bind and regulate other signalling proteins Based on the evidence noted above, DGKs achieve specificity of function through a combination of post-translational modifications, the availability of cofactors, and through the availability and access to substrate DAG. DGKs appear to achieve an ad

• Electron transport via DHODH activity will allow the

  2020-11-13

  

  Electron transport via DHODH activity will allow the generation of mitochondrial ROS without the consumption of α-ketoglutarate or NADH. Glutamine-dependent flux through the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation can also enable generation of mitochondrial ROS (Weinberg et al., 2010). The latter pr

• br Materials and methods br

  2020-11-13

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion The first DGAT1 gene was described in the mouse in 1998 [28], and a few years later DGAT2 was identified from the oleaginous fungus Mortierella ramanniana[29]. Although both of them are known as the primary enzymes for de novo TAG biosynthesis, they

• We have performed our MSP analyses as real time

  2020-11-13

  

  We have performed our MSP analyses as real-time PCR using SybrGreen (Fig. 2). The results of the beta-actin PCR vary in each sample group because the amount of DNA for bisulfite treatment was adjusted to a constant volume of serum (500μl) rather than to equal amounts of DNA. Because we expected lowe

• The protein levels of the three enzymes in the organs

  2020-11-13

  

  The protein levels of the three enzymes in the organs in the three earthworm species ranked body wall > intestine > seminal receptacle ≈ seminal vesicle (Fig. 3B).The presence of significant detoxification capability in the body wall would be logically expected in a soil dwelling organism, to facili

• T cell infiltration is an important predictive biomarker for

  2020-11-13

  

  T cell infiltration is an important predictive biomarker for the PD-1 blockade, and it is closely associated with a good prognosis. In our study, we found that T cells were low and exhausted within the tumor microenvironment and were distributed in the tumor margin. Anti-PD-1 treatment reduced PD-1

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