• The mitogen activated protein kinase MAPK pathway

  2019-12-04

  

  The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is a highly conserved module that mediates the transduction of signals from the cell surface to the nucleus (M. Köbel et al., 2005), meanwhile, it is known to be activated by a wide array of signals ranging from growth and differentiation factors t

• We thank Dr Hongqiang Qin at Dalian Institute of Chemical

  2019-12-03

  

  We thank Dr. Hongqiang Qin at Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences for technical assistance in mass-spectrometric analysis. We thank Prof. Quentin Liu at Dalian Medical University and Prof. Qiang Shen at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center for helpful discussion and comments. Dr

• Nrf and HO are key factors

  2019-12-03

  

  Nrf2 and HO-1 are key factors in the regulation of oxidative stress in the body. Research has shown that KLF2 can activate Nrf2 and HO-1 [14]. To investigate the mechanisms by which KLF2 regulates eNOS uncoupling and oxidative stress, Nrf2 was inhibited or HO-1 was knocked down in KLF2 overexpressin

• br Materials and methods br Results and discussion br

  2019-12-03

  

  Materials and methods Results and discussion Concluding remarks Enzymatic production of bioactive 9-cis-11-trans-conjugated linoleic Cathepsin Inhibitor 1 receptor is part of a detoxification mechanism against linoleic acid which is a toxic and stress factor for many lactic bacteria such as

• N1-Methylpseudouridine Abdominal aortic aneurysm AAA is cons

  2019-12-03

  

  Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is considered a major health concern and is associated with extremely high rates of mortality in case of aortic rupture. The main pathophysiologic mechanisms leading to aortic dilation include the degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) components, such as colla

• We can think of two ways in which

  2019-12-03

  

  We can think of two ways in which collagen binding could activate DDR (Figure 8). A single collagen triple helix could interact with both DS domains in the DDR dimer (“composite binding site”) and thereby activate the receptor, similar to the situation exemplified by the growth hormone-growth hormon

• HAMI3379 br Material and methods br Results br

  2019-12-03

  

  Material and methods Results Discussion Isolated HAMI3379 have several potential advantages over other in-vitro approaches, such as expression of properties similar to their site of origin including the possibility of bidirectional transmembrane transport and exposure. Furthermore, they mak

• br The classical ubiquitination pathway Ubiquitination

  2019-12-03

  

  The classical ubiquitination pathway Ubiquitination is an enzymatic process that involves the addition of an ubiquitin protein to a substrate that usually becomes inactivated followed by degradation in the proteasome; however, several other functions have also been described. For the discovery of

• aminoisobutyric acid BAIBA is a natural

  2019-12-03

  

  β-aminoisobutyric somatostatin receptor (BAIBA) is a natural catabolite of the branched-chain amino acid thymine. BAIBA was recently found to reduce inflammation in skeletal muscle via the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)δ signaling pathway. BAIB

• Consistent with our previous study Gao

  2019-12-03

  

  Consistent with our previous study (Gao et al., 2018b; Wu et al., 2018), we found that TCB-2 disrupted both pup preference and home-cage maternal behavior. Based on the findings that 4-h pup Kif15-IN-1 (a technique presumably increases maternal motivation) failed to attenuate the TCB-2-induced mate

• If the factors needed for A NHEJ are not completely

  2019-12-03

  

  If the factors needed for A-NHEJ are not completely defined and the A-NHEJ reaction mechanism nebulous, it is also fair to say that the biological role(s) of A-NHEJ is even more poorly understood. Most of the current interest in A-NHEJ, however, stems from its implicated use in the chromosomal trans

• br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgements This

  2019-12-03

  

  Conflict of interest Acknowledgements This work was funded by the National Science Centre, Poland, grant number N N303 571539. We are greatly indebted to Patrick Fox for help with the final manuscript. Introduction Alkylating agents which interact directly with DNA to form covalent bonds h

• Given the excellent in vitro pharmacology profiles of

  2019-12-03

  

  Given the excellent in vitro pharmacology profiles of methyl ester 28 and primary amide 29 efforts were reengaged on neutral analogs of these leads, with a focus on non-amide replacements for the carboxylic fludarabine functionality of 1. Acetonitrile 49 was found to have a good balance of DGAT-1 i

• br The contribution of Interference RNA and epigenetic in OA

  2019-12-03

  

  The contribution of Interference RNA and epigenetic in OA attenuation Interference RNA, a cellular mechanism for post-transcriptional gene silencing that is associated with mRNA. The potential of RNAi has successfully silenced the wide range of protein coding genes. Its high specificity sanctions

• Materials and methods Cell culture and receptor gene transfe

  2019-12-03

  

  Materials and methods Cell culture and receptor gene transfection. PC12 Fmoc-Asp(OtBu)-OH were purchased from the Institute of Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. The cDNA for mouse CysLT1 or CysLT2 receptor (mCysLT1 and mCysLT2, subcloned into pcDNA3.0) was kindly gifted b

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